疼痛緩解和癒合


LLLT的影響是光化學的，而不是熱的。 為了產生效果，必須吸收光子，並且不同的物質吸收不同波長的光，如受損皮膚的細胞比完整組織的細胞更敏感。一旦靶細胞吸收了光子，就會發生一系列生化事件，其最終結果是加速傷口癒合
（1）來自激光探針的光子被吸收到靶細胞的線粒體和細胞膜中。
（2）在細胞吸收光子後，能量被併入分子中以增加化學能，激活或停用酶，或改變物理
或主要大分子的化學性質。光子能以細胞三磷酸（ATP）的形式轉化為細胞內的化學能，從而導致細胞功能正常化，疼痛緩解和癒合。
（3）單個氧分子積聚，影響ATP的形成，從而導致DNA的複制。
（4）DNA增加導致神經傳遞增加。
（5）一系列代謝效應導致各種生理變化，
這可以改善組織修復，更快地消除炎症反應，減少疼痛。
大約632nm的紅外激光似乎是在細胞水平上激光的最有效和刺激頻率，皮膚穿透深度為0.5-1cm。在LLLT中使用的激光器的典型例子是氦 - 氖（He-Ne）激光器，它可以深入0.5毫米深入新鮮切除的人體皮膚

The effects of LLLT are photochemical, not thermal. To produce an effect, the photons must be absorbed, and different substances absorb light of different wavelengths like the cells of injured skin are more sensitive than those of intact tissue. Once the target cells have absorbed the photons, a cascade of biochemical events occurs whose ultimate result is accelerated wound healing.
(1) Photons from a laser probe are absorbed into the mitochondria and cell membranes of the target cells. (2) After a cell absorbs photons the energy is incorporated into the molecule to increase chemical energy, activate or deactivate enzymes, or alter physical or chemical properties of main macromolecules.9 Photonic energy is converted to chemical energy within the cell, in the form of denosine triphosphate (ATP), which leads to normalization of cell function, pain relief, and healing. (3) Single oxygen molecules build up, which influences the formation of ATP, which in turn leads to replication of DNA. (4) Increased DNA leads to increased neurotransmission. (5) A cascade of metabolic effects results in various physiological changes, which results in improved tissue repair, faster resolution of the inflammatory response, and reduction in pain. Infra red laser light at approximately 632 nm appears to be the most effective and stimulatory frequency of laser at a cellular level with a skin penetration depth of 0.5– 1 cm. A typical example of a laser used in LLLT is the helium-neon (He-Ne) laser, which can penetrate as deep as 0.5 mm into freshly excised human skin

Hawkins, D., N. Houreld, and H. Abrahamse. "Low level laser therapy (LLLT) as an effective therapeutic modality for delayed wound healing." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences1056.1 (2005): 486-493.

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